Backwardness is the result of different factors that exist in a society. The present study focused on infrastructural facilities and basic amenities to estimate the spatial distribution of backward ...

The application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in analysing traffic accident hotspots has markedly advanced the understanding of road safety challenges. By integrating spatial analysis ...

Nonparametric methods provide a flexible framework for estimating the probability density function of random variables without imposing a strict parametric model. By relying directly on observed data, ...